Unveiling the impact of pipe materials on water hammer in pressure pipelines: an experimental and numerical study

Abstract Water hammer (WH) is a phenomenon characterized by the rapid opening or closing of valves or pumps in pipelines, resulting in a disruptive noise, intense vibrations, and potential damage to pipes, fittings, structures, and even human safety.While WH Drum Cooling Fan arresters are commonly employed to mitigate this issue in smaller plumbing

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The British Museum and the Royal Academy: the nation state, English and British identities, and the constitution in the eighteenth century

During the mid-eighteenth century two museum institutions the British Museum and the Royal Academy Drum Cooling Fan of Arts were established, the former by Parliament, the latter by artists under the patronage of the Crown.In their origins and their early development they illustrate and help shape ideas relating to the growth of the notion of Briti

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